The Muted Lesbian Voice: coming out of camouflage

© Nicki Hastie

Notes

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[1]

See Lillian Faderman; Surpassing the Love of Men: Romantic Friendship and Love Between Women
from the Renaissance to the Present (London: The Women’s Press, 1985), and Jeffrey Weeks; Sexual
Politics and Society: The regulation of sexuality since 1800 (London: Longman, second edition 1989)

[2]

Weeks, Sex, Politics and Society, p.102.

[3]

Richard Ellmann; Oscar Wilde (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1987) p.430.

[4]

Ibid., p.435.

[5]

Jeffrey Weeks; Coming Out: Homosexual Politics in Britain from the Nineteenth Century to
the Present (London: Quartet Books, 1977) p.88.

[6]

Quoted in Weeks; Sex, Politics and Society, p.105.

[7]

Louis Untermeyer; Introduction to The Complete Poetical Works of Amy Lowell (Cambridge:
The Riverside Press, 1955) pp.xxi-xxix.

[8]

Quoted in Lovat Dickson; Radclyffe Hall at The Well of Loneliness: A Sapphic Chronicle
(London: Collins, 1975) p.149.

[9]

Ibid., p.165.

[10]

Introduction to The Bloodaxe Book of Contemporary Women Poets ed. Jeni Couzyn (Newcastle
upon Tyne: Bloodaxe Books, 1985) p.21.

[11]

Winston Weathers, quoted in Dolores Rosenblum; “Christina Rossetti: The Inward Pose” in
Shakespeare’s Sisters: Feminist Essays on Women Poets ed. Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar
(Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1979) p.95.

[12]

The effect of The Well of Loneliness trial.

[13]

For technical commentary see Jean O. Love; Worlds in Consciousness (University of California Press, 1970),
and early reviews in Virginia Woolf: The Critical Heritage ed. Robin Majumdar adn Allen McLaurin
(London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975). Mitchell A. Leaska (The Novels of Virginia Woolf
From Beginning to End (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1977)) does discuss homosexuality
within Mrs Dalloway, although this is within a wider discussion of “confused sexuality” which
includes a detailed analysis of the symbolic function played by Peter Walsh’s knife in his
relationships with women.

[14]

Quoted in Suzette A. Henke; “Mrs Dalloway: the Communion of Saints” in
New Feminist Essays on Virginia Woolf ed. Jane Marcus (London: Macmillan, 1981) p.136.

[15]

Adrienne Rich; “Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence” in Blood, Bread
and Poetry: Selected Prose 1979-1985 (London: Virago, 1987) pp.23-75.

[16]

Suzette A. Henke in New Feminist Essays on Virginia Woolf p.135.

[17]

T. S. Eliot; Introduction to Nightwood (New York: New Directions, 1961) p.xiv.

[18]

Faderman; Surpassing the Love of Men p.358.

[19]

Gertrude Stein; The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (Stockholm: The Continental Book
Company, 1947) pp.93-4.

[20]

Named in Blanche Wiesen cook; “‘Women Alone Stir My Imagination’: Lesbianism and the
Cultural Tradition” Signs 4 (Summer 1979): 723.

[21]

“Olivia”; Olivia (London: The Hogarth Press, 1981) p.9.

[22]

Isabel Miller; Patience and Sarah (London: The Women’s Press, 1979) p.23.

[23]

Radclyffe Hall quoted in Dickson; Radclyffe Hall p.140.

[24]

Sharon O’Brien; Willa Cather: The Emerging Voice (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1987) p. 189.

[25]

Pat Califia quoted in Jeffrey Weeks; Sexuality and its Discontents: Meanings, Myths and
Modern Sexualities (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985) p.186.

[26]

See Sharon O’Brien; Willa Cather: The Emerging Voice

[27]

Willa Cather; “The Novel Demeuble” in Not Under Forty (New York: Alfred A.
Knopf, 1964) p.50.

[28]

Ibid., p.50.

[29]

Quoted in Barbara Fassler; “Theories of Homosexuality as Sources of Bloomsbury’s Androgyny”
Signs 5 (Winter 1979): 241-2.

[30]

Herbert Marder; Feminism and Art: A Study of Virginia Woolf (London: University of Chicago
Press, 1968) p.111.

[31]

See Fassler’s important explanatory essay, “Theories of Homosexuality” and, as an example
of such lack of acknowledgement see Sandra M. Gilbert; “Costumes of the Mind: Transvestism as Metaphor in
Modern Literature” in Writing and Sexual Difference ed. Elizabeth Abel (Brighton: The
Harvester Press, 1982).

[32]

Jane Rule; Lesbian Images (Freedom, CA: The Crossing Press, 1975) p.115.

[33]

Allan E. Austin; Elizabeth Bowen (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1971) p.53.

[34]

See especially Mary Daly; Gyn/ecology: the metatethics of radical feminism (London:
The Women’s Press, 1979) and writings by the French feminist theorists.

[35]

Carl Van Vechten; Introduction to Three Lives (New York: The Modern Library, 1933) p.x.

[36]

Deborah E. McDowell; Postscript to Quicksand and Passing (London: Serpent’s Tail, 1989) p.256.

[37]

Alison Hennegan; Introduction to The Chinese Garden (London: Brilliance Books, 1984) p.11.
p131.

[38]

See Lillian Faderman; Scotch Verdict (New York: Quill, 1983).

[39]

As discussed earlier in this dissertation – click here to be reminded. A
quote from Lord Birkenhead is referenced as Note 6.

[40]

See Martha Vicinus; “Distance and Desire: English Boarding-School Friendships”
Signs 9 (Summer 1984): 601-22.

[41]

From Bonnie Zimmerman; “What Has Never Been: an overview of lesbian feminist
criticism” in The New Feminist Criticism ed. Elaine Showalter (London: Virago,
1986), p.208.

[42]

For example, Jane Rule’s Lesbian Images.

[43]

Christian McEwan; Introduction to Naming the Waves: Contemporary Lesbian Poetry (London:
Virago, 1988) pp.xv-xvi.

[44]

Adrienne Rich; “North American Time” in Naming the Waves p.170.

[45]

Caiea March; “A Message to the Collective” in Naming the Waves p.127.

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Contents

 

• Introduction
• Censorship and Repression
• Pseudonyms
• Ambiguity and Disguise
• “Passing”
• The School Setting
• 1989: Bringing the situation up to date
• Notes (this page)
• Bibliography

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